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Here I will compile psychological definitions from various sources (DSM-IV) to assist
the reader in clearer understanding of the material presented. Key points of diagnostic
explainations are highlighted with asterisks.
Diagnostic criteria for 30I .6 Dependent Personality Disorder (DSM-IV) 4th
edition
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging
behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of
contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:
(1) has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and
reassurance from others
(2) needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his
or her life
(3) has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support
or approval. Note: Do not include realistic fears of retribution.
(4) has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a
lack of self confidence in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or
energy)
(5) goes to excessive lengths to obtain nunurance and support from
others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant
(6) feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being
unable to care for himself or herself
(7) urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close
relationship ends
(8) is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or
herself
Diagnostic criteria for 300.3 Obsessive~Compulsive Disorder
A. Either obsessions or compulsions:
Obsessions as defined by (1), (2), (3), and (4):
(1) recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are
experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that
cause marked anxiety or distress
(2) the thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries
about real-life problems
(3) the person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses,
or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action
(4) the person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or
images are a product of his or her own mind (not imposed from without as in thought
insertion)
Compulsions as defined by (1) and (2):
(1) repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g.,
praying, counting, repeating words silently that
the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or
according to rules that must be applied rigidly
(2) the behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or
preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts either
are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize* or prevent
or are clearly excessive
B. At some point during the course of the disorder, the person has recognized that the
obsessions or compulsions are excessive* or unreasonable. Note: This does not apply to
children.
C. The obsessions or compulsions cause marked distress, are time consuming (take more than
1 hour a day), or significantly interfere with the person's normal routine, occupational
(or academic functioning, or usual social activities or relationships.
D. If another Axis I disorder is present, the content of the obsessions or compulsions is
not restricted to it (e.g., preoccupation with food in the presence of an Eating Disorder;
hair pulling in the presence of Trichotillomania; concern with appearance in the presence
of Body Dysmorphic Disorder; preoccupation with drugs in the presence of a Substance Use
Disorder; preoccupation with having a serious illness in the presence of Hypochondriasis;
preoccupation with sexual urges or fantasies in the presence of a Paraphilia; or guilty
ruminations in the presence of Major Depressive Disorder).
E. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a
drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
Specify if:
With Poor Insight:* if, for most of the time during the current episode, the person does
not recognize that the obsessions and compulsions are excessive or unreasonable.
Diagnostic criteria for 301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder
A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are
interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of
contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:
(1) suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving
him or her
(2) is preoccupied with unjustified* doubts about the loyalty or trust-worthiness of
friends or associates
(3) is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted* fear that the information
will be used maliciously against him or her
(4) reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or event
(5) persistently bears grudges, i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights
(6) perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to
others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack
(7) has recurrent suspicions, without justification,* regarding fidelity of spouse or
sexual partner
B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With
Psychotic Features, or another Psychotic Disorder and is not due to the direct
physiological effects of a general medical condition.
Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of Schizophrenia, add "Premorbid,"
e.g., "Paranoid Personality Disorder (Premorbid)."
Diagnostic criteria for 297.1 Delusional Disorder
A. Nonbizarre delusions (i.e., involving situations that occur in real life, such as being
followed, poisoned, infected, loved at a distance, or deceived by spouse or lover, or
having a disease) of at least 1 month's duration.
B. Criterion A for Schizophrenia has never been met. Note: Tactile and olfactory
hallucinations may be present in Delusional Disorder if they are related to the delusional
theme.
C. Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not
markedly impaired and behavior is not obviously odd or bizarre.
D. If mood episodes have occurred concurrently with delusions, their total duration has
been brief relative to the duration of the delusional periods.
E. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a
drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
Specify type (the following types are assigned based on the predominant
delusional theme):
Erotomanic Type: delusions that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with
the individual
Grandiose Type: delusions of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special
relationship to a deity or famous person
Jealous Type: delusions that the individual's sexual partner is unfaithful
Persecutory Type: delusions that the person (or someone to whom the person is close) is
being malevolently treated in some way
Somatic Type: delusions that the person has some physical defect or general medical
condition
Mixed Type: delusions characteristic of more than one of the above types but no one theme
predominates
Unspecified Type
"...My evenings are taken up very largely with astrology. I make
horoscopic calculations in order to find a clue to the core of psychological truth."
C. G. Jung, in a letter to Sigmund Freud.
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